// str1.cpp 		By: Aiman Hanna -  ©1993-2006 Aiman Hanna

// This program shows the use of some of the build-in string functions:
// strcpy ... strncpy ... strcat ... strncat ... strcmp ... strncmp 
// strchr ... strrchr ... strlen   &   strstr

#include "str1.h"

StringManipulation::StringManipulation( void )
{
  str1 = new char [ MAXSTRINGLEN ];
  str2 = new char [ MAXSTRINGLEN ];
  str3 = new char [ MAXSTRINGLEN ];
  str4 = new char [ DOUBLEMAXSTRINGLEN ];
  str5 = new char [ DOUBLEMAXSTRINGLEN ];
}


void StringManipulation::StringOperations( void )
{
 int res = 0, len1 = 0, len2 = 0, count = 0;
 char ch;

 cout << " Please enter your first string: ";
 cin.getline( str1, MAXSTRINGLEN );

 cout << " Please enter your second string: ";
 cin.getline( str2, MAXSTRINGLEN );


 cout << " \n Now will start performing some string operations on these strings: "
 							 		<< endl;
 cout << " ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "
 							 		<< endl;

 cout << " Comparing 1st string to 2nd string: " << endl;
 cout << " ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ " << endl;

 if ( ( res = strcmp( str1, str2 ) ) == 0 )
 	cout << " 1st and 2nd strings are identical. " << endl;
 else if ( res > 0 )  
 	cout << " 1st string is *alphabetically* bigger than the 2nd string. " 
									<< endl;
 else 
 	cout << " 2nd string is *alphabetically* bigger than the 1st string. " 
									<< endl;

// if both strings are not the same, do the following operations:

 if ( res != 0 )
 {
  cout << " \n Will test which string is longer.. " << endl;
  cout << " ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ " << endl;

  if ( ( len1 = strlen( str1 ) )  == ( len2 = strlen( str2 ) )  )
  	cout << " Both strings have the same number of characters. " << endl;
  else if ( len1 < len2 )
        cout << " 1st string has less characters than 2nd string. " << endl;
  else 
        cout << " 1st string has more characters than 2nd string. " << endl;
  	 
 }





// If the strings are not of the same length, try to compare parts of them.

 if ( len1 != len2 )
 {
  cout << " \n The strings are neither identical, nor of the same length; " 
  								  << endl
       << " So you will be allowed to compare parts of them from \
their beginnings. "   						  << endl
       << " Please enter the number of characters you wish to compare; " 
       								  << endl
       << " this number should be at most: " << min( len1, len2 ) << endl;
  cin >> count;

  if ( ( res = strncmp( str1, str2, count ) ) == 0 )
    cout << " \n The first " << count 
    		<< " characters of the strings are identical. " << endl;

  else if ( res < 0 ) 
    cout << " \n The first " << count << " characters of the 1st string is \
alphabetically smaller than the 2nd one. " << endl;

  else 
    cout << "\n The first " << count << " characters of the 1st string is \
alphabetically bigger than the 2nd one. " << endl;

 }
 	
// Anyways you can find whether some specific character is included 
// in any string or not.

 cout << " \n Now will test looking for a specific character in a string. " 
 								<< endl;
 cout << " ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ " 
 								<< endl;

 cout << "\n Enter the character that you want to look for: "; 	
 cin >> ch;

 if (  strchr( str1, ch ) != NULL )
 {
  strcpy( str3, strchr( str1, ch ) );
  cout << " \n The character ' " << ch << " ' was found in the 1st string. "
  								<< endl;
  cout << " Here is its *first* appearance: " << str3 << endl;     
 }
 else 
  cout << " \n The character ' " << ch << " ' was not found in the 1st string. "
  								<< endl;

 if ( strrchr( str2, ch ) != NULL )
 {
  strcpy( str3, strrchr( str2, ch ));
  cout << " \n The character ' " << ch << " ' was found in the 2nd string. "
  								<< endl;
  cout << " Here is its *last* appearance: " << str3 << endl;  
   
 }
 else 
  cout << " \n The character ' " << ch 
  			<< " ' was not found in the 2nd string. " << endl;
// If there is no last occurrence, there is no first one for sure!


 cout << " \n Now will test the concatination processs: " << endl;
 cout << " ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ " << endl;

 
// Concatenate the two strings

 strcpy( str4, str1 );
 strcat( str4, str2 );


 cout << "\n The concatenation of the 2nd string to the 1st string \
results on: " 
      << str4 << endl;


 strcpy( str4, str2);
 strncat( str4, str1, count );
 
 cout << " \n The concatenation of " << count 
      << " characters of the 1st string to the 2nd string results on: " 
      << str4 << endl;


 strcpy( str5, str1);
 strncpy( str5, str2, count );
 cout << " Notice carefully how strncpy works. Here is the result of \
the above two operations: " << str5 << endl;
  

 
}


int StringManipulation::min( int x, int y )
{
 return x < y  ? x : y;
}


StringManipulation::~StringManipulation( void )
{
  delete []str1;
  delete []str2;
  delete []str3;
  delete []str4;
  delete []str5;

}




void main( void )
{
 StringManipulation strmanipulator;
 strmanipulator.StringOperations( );
}



// The result of running the program:

/*
 Please enter your first string: Getting started with strings
 Please enter your second string: That could be very interesting!

 Now will start performing some string operations on these strings:
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Comparing 1st string to 2nd string:
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 2nd string is *alphabetically* bigger than the 1st string.

 Will test which string is longer..
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 1st string has less characters than 2nd string.

 The strings are neither identical, nor of the same length;
 So you will be allowed to compare parts of them from their beginnings.
 Please enter the number of characters you wish to compare;
 this number should be at most: 28
6

 The first 6 characters of the 1st string is alphabetically smaller than the 2nd one.

 Now will test looking for a specific character in a string.
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 Enter the character that you want to look for: s

 The character ' s ' was found in the 1st string.
 Here is its *first* appearance: started with strings

 The character ' s ' was found in the 2nd string.
 Here is its *last* appearance: sting!

 Now will test the concatination processs:
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 The concatenation of the 2nd string to the 1st string results on: Getting started with stringsThat could be very interesting!

 The concatenation of 6 characters of the 1st string to the 2nd string results on: That could be very interesting!Gettin
 Notice carefully how strncpy works. Here is the result of the above two operations: That cg started with strings

*/


// ******** Run again ********
   
/*
 Please enter your first string: Hello
 Please enter your second string: Hello again

 Now will start performing some string operations on these strings:
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Comparing 1st string to 2nd string:
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 2nd string is *alphabetically* bigger than the 1st string.

 Will test which string is longer..
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 1st string has less characters than 2nd string.

 The strings are neither identical, nor of the same length;
 So you will be allowed to compare parts of them from their beginnings.
 Please enter the number of characters you wish to compare;
 this number should be at most: 5
4

 The first 4 characters of the strings are identical.

 Now will test looking for a specific character in a string.
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 Enter the character that you want to look for: l

 The character ' l ' was found in the 1st string.
 Here is its *first* appearance: llo

 The character ' l ' was found in the 2nd string.
 Here is its *last* appearance: lo again

 Now will test the concatination processs:
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 The concatenation of the 2nd string to the 1st string results on: HelloHello again

 The concatenation of 4 characters of the 1st string to the 2nd string results on: Hello againHell
 Notice carefully how strncpy works. Here is the result of the above two operations: Hello

*/