// arr2.cpp 	By: Aiman Hanna -  ©1993-2006 Aiman Hanna

// This program illustrates one of the simple operations that can be done on arrays.
// That is, searching an array to find whether it includes some value or not. 

// Key Points: 	1) It is always better to declare a "const int" for the size of
// your array.

// Notes: Is the 3rd search in the "ArrSearch" function good? 
//        Will this search work fine in all cases? You MUST avoid writing such code.

#include <iostream.h>

void ArrSearch()
{
// This function creates an array, initializes it, and searches the array for 
// some value.

const int ArrSize = 6;
char arr[ ArrSize ];	// "arr" is an array of 6 characters. 


// Initialize the array. Notice that the array starts always with a "0" index
// and it ends with the number of indices - 1, which is 5 in our example. 

arr[0] = 'a';
arr[1] = 'v';
arr[2] = 'k';
arr[3] = 'p';
arr[4] = 'k';
arr[5] = 's';

// Show out all the values in the array
cout << "\n Here are the array values after initialization" << endl;
cout << " ===============================================" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < ArrSize; i++)
	cout << arr[i] << "\t";

char ch;
int found = 0;

cout << "\n Search # 1. \n ===========" << endl;
cout << " Enter the character that you want search for. " << endl;
cout << " The search will find all occurrences in the array: " ;
cin >> ch;

for ( i = 0; i < ArrSize; i++)
{
 if ( arr[i] == ch )
 {
  cout << " The entered character was found in array." << endl;
  cout << " It was found in element #: " << i + 1 << endl;
  found = 1;	// flag to indicate that the search was successful
 } 
 
}
 if ( found == 0 )	// the character was not in the array.
	cout << " The entered character was not found in the array. " << endl;

found = 0;	// Reset to zero for next search
i = 0;		// Reset to zero for next search

cout << "\n Search # 2. \n ===========" << endl;
cout << " Enter another character. " << endl;
cout << " This search will find the first occurrence in the array: " ;
cin >> ch;

while( i < ArrSize )
{
 if ( arr[i] == ch )
 {
  cout << " The entered character was found first in element #: " << i + 1 << endl;
  found = 1;
  break;	
 } 
 i++;
}
 if ( found == 0 )	// the character was not in the array.
	cout << " The entered character was not found in the array. " << endl;

// Notice that the following search is EXTREMELY DANGEROUS. You should 
// totally avoid searching in such way. Why? 

i = 0;		// Reset to zero for next search

cout << "\n Search # 3. \n ===========" << endl;
cout << " Enter one more character. " << endl;
cout << " This search will find the first character that is bigger than your entry: ";
cin >> ch;

while( arr[i] <= ch )
{
  i++;	     	// just move forward as long as the array characters are smaller  
}
 
 cout 
<< " The first element that includes a bigger character than your entry is element : "
<< i + 1 << " and the value inside this element is: " << arr[i] << endl; 


i = 0;		// Reset to zero for next search

cout << "\n Search # 4. Avoids potential problems that search 3 may produce." << endl;
cout << " ================================================================" << endl;
cout << " Enter one more character. " << endl;
cout << " This search will find the first character that is bigger than your entry: ";
cin >> ch;

while( (i < ArrSize) && (arr[i] <= ch) )
{
  i++;	     	// just move forward as long as the array characters are smaller
  		// and still in the valid array range  
}
 
if (i < ArrSize)	// A bigger character was found in the array
{ 
 cout 
 << " The first element that includes a bigger character than your entry is element :"
 << i + 1 << " and the value inside this element is: " << arr[i] << endl; 
}
else	// if i is >= ArrSize, then the array is exhausted before 
	// finding a bigger character
   cout << " The array does not have any bigger character than your entry. " << endl;

}




int main()
{
ArrSearch();
return 0;
}

// The output of the program
/*
 Here are the array values after initialization
 ===============================================
a       v       k       p       k       s
 Search # 1.
 ===========
 Enter the character that you want search for.
 The search will find all occurrences in the array: p
 The entered character was found in array.
 It was found in element #: 4

 Search # 2.
 ===========
 Enter another character.
 This search will find the first occurrence in the array: k
 The entered character was found first in element #: 3

 Search # 3.
 ===========
 Enter one more character.
 This search will find the first character that is bigger than your entry: z
 The first element that includes a bigger character than your entry is element : 149 and the value inside this element is: {

 Search # 4. Avoids potential problems that search 3 may produce.
 ================================================================
 Enter one more character.
 This search will find the first character that is bigger than your entry: z
 The array does not have any bigger character than your entry.
*/

// Run Again
/*
 Here are the array values after initialization
 ===============================================
a       v       k       p       k       s
 Search # 1.
 ===========
 Enter the character that you want search for.
 The search will find all occurrences in the array: k
 The entered character was found in array.
 It was found in element #: 3
 The entered character was found in array.
 It was found in element #: 5

 Search # 2.
 ===========
 Enter another character.
 This search will find the first occurrence in the array: v
 The entered character was found first in element #: 2

 Search # 3.
 ===========
 Enter one more character.
 This search will find the first character that is bigger than your entry: y
 The first element that includes a bigger character than your entry is element : 9 and the value inside this element is: z

 Search # 4. Avoids potential problems that search 3 may produce.
 ================================================================
 Enter one more character.
 This search will find the first character that is bigger than your entry: m
 The first element that includes a bigger character than your entry is element : 2 and the value inside this element is: v
*/